The simplest form of shed pier foundation - Concrete Blocks. While the 10 x 22 x 2 = 440 CF calc is correct, it misses the fact that concrete is ordered in cubic yards (meters), so you would need to divide by 27 and order 16.3 yards, and round up so that you are sure you have enough. The details of which specific foundation are less important with regards to tornados and more important with regards to your design and building site. 40'GP = 40'DV = 40FT = 40 = 40 feet general purpose. If the ground is soft or unstable, you may want to consider supporting the shipping container with a concrete footing, railroad ties, asphalt or a bed of gravel so that the weight is evenly distributed to prevent movement. A semi-permanent foundation, such as a gravel pad, may be sufficient for sites that will be in use for up to about a year. Our example here is just for illustration purposes and any analysis you perform is undertaken at your own risk. 44, 88, railroad ties are common supports used. You would have to calculate the extra cost of the longer containers for the space gained. Shipping containers themselves, depending on size, cost anywhere from $3,000-$5,000+. Thank You, Tom H. Florida. With all that said, its unlikely youre going to be able to feel a container move under everyday use. By having the container that high, youll need to factor in cross-bracing to account for lateral loads, and this question is probably best addressed by a structural engineer who can assess the soil type in your area, account for wind loading, etc. Plus, they can be stored and installed in any weather and with less labor, freeing up valuable covered space. Thanks! But both of those downsides can actually be addressed as this next foundation type shows. For instance, we could use six of the Square Foot SF32 plastic footing forms, which each have a bearing area of 7.11 SF (32 inch x 32 inch). If you want to know how to use this tool, keep reading to the end of the article where well give an example with screenshots. To be more precise with these pier/footer sizes, a structural engineer would combine live, dead, and environmental loads using Section 1605 Load Combination of the IBC. Examples of these specialty pin pile systems include Diamond Piers and Sure Foot. Next are other modifications, like stacked containers that dont have a vertical load path to the foundation due to perpendicular containers. By taking the time to explore your options and selecting the right type of foundation for your particular arrangement, you can all but guarantee that your containeror container-turned-dedicated-structurewill stay put and fulfill its designated purpose week after week, month after month, or year after year. Prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures can literally freeze the water in the soils voids, leading to frost heave. Precast Communication Pits. But when it is saturated, it expands. For most cases, we recommend a pier foundation. These pesticides could harm human beings. You may have structural considerations, both from a multistory construction perspective and from a building in close proximity to a canal perspective. Unless you build on solid rock, odds are high that the ground will eventually affect the position and level of your container home. Alternatively, piles can be concrete cast in situ, meaning the concrete is poured inside an excavated hole in the ground. Concrete Deck Shed To Tiny House Sheds For Sale Gardens Finger-tighten the j-bolt Diy Deck Outdoor Deck House Plans After the pour, we set our girt anchors to plum, aligned, and leveled. Similarly, Table 1806.2 from the IBC gives Presumptive Load-bearing values along with a few other metrics like lateral bearing pressure, coefficient of friction, and cohesion. If we round that up to 40 SF and know that we want to have four piers, that gives us a bearing area for each pier of 10 SF. (It is in a fossil sensitive area). Here, we learn that our soil has a UCS rating of ML. In the same way, when you put bearing pressure on the ground, the force spreads through the ground in a cone or pyramid shape thats typically assumed to be about 60 degrees wide. Instead, divide these bearing values by a Factor of Safety between two and three (depending on how sure you are of your soil type). Be sure to use plates that are welded with high-strength concrete anchors and press them into the concrete while its still wet so that the two surfaces have a chance to bond fully. 600mm SQ Footing Blocks. Previously, we said that the assumed dead loads for a standard container home are twice the empty or tare weight of the container its built in. Until all footers are in place, repeat the digging and installing of the concrete form and pouring of the concrete until the area is level. Depending on where your foundation needs stabilizing, the piers may need to be installed in an inconvenient location. Still, for longer containers (40ft in length or more), its common to use an intermediate set of foundation attachments halfway down the long side of the container. Then, a concrete cap is poured on top of the pile to give a uniform bearing surface for the structure above. But dont let the slow speed fool you. To make the calculations simpler, and so that we can make all of our concrete piers the same size, well just assume the worst case and use the higher loading of 40 PSF. To start building the concrete footing foundation for your container, you need to determine how deep the footing should be. We have engineered a pile head that is designed specifically for single and multiple container projects. Decking Piers Shipping Container Foundations Foundation Small Buildings . Foundation Underpinning with Helical Piers - These screw pile products are driven into the soil with hydraulic torque motors and can be used to raise an EXISTING foundation or in NEW construction to prevent foundation settling. Due to the cost of materials and labour required, this is one of the most expensive methods of creating a solid foundation. Typically, beams are used at the ceiling to help support the roof, while the bottom beams of the containers are often adequate to support the floor load without additional reinforcement. There are several different types of shipping container foundations you can use, varying in their functionality and material. Just unscrew them from the ground, move them to a new location, and screw them back in. Marketing Claim Verification Program. Choosing a foundation for container homes is no easy feat. We cover this type of foundation in our other foundation article: Thanks, its all good reading. Every container that cannot be unloaded in one place is a container that cannot be loaded somewhere else. Its typically measured as a pressure: exceed that pressure and the soil can no longer support the load. This particular type of container foundation goes by several names: soil screw, screw pile, helical pile, helical pier, screw anchor, helical anchor, and others! Each of these pillars required digging a square pit 4ft*4ft about 3ft deep. However, you dont want to build directly to these limits. How to anchor a shipping container to concrete using a Boltable Dovetail twist lock ALL Things Containers PTY Ltd. 839 subscribers Subscribe 24K views 5 years ago At All Things Containers, we. Id like to build my container home on a farm in central Missouri which is in tornado country. . Its time to put everything from the article together and design a sample container house foundation. CLIENT PORTAL. As an alternative to concrete footings and creating concrete slabs, wooden beam footings are suitable for almost all soil types. solid concrete block can be used as a mobile home pad and will provide an economical way provide a solid foundation to support a mobile home. February 11, 2023. Given the requirements for expensive, specialized equipment, piles are typically used for larger commercial projects and arent DIY friendly. Soil expansion primarily occurs due to water acting in two ways. The next step now is getting your containers delivered and installed on your foundation. They are relatively inexpensive, DIY friendly, and quick to construct. The frost line can vary from 0 inches in parts of Hawaii and Florida, to as much as 100 inches in parts of Alaska. This pressure, correspondingly, pushes against the side of the stake too. Semi-Permanent Foundations: These will fix your container in place securely and provide all the benefits of a permanent foundation while being removable. im not sure yet the distance is between them. Furthermore, a slab requires a lot of extra concrete, and that means extra money. Cutting a hole in the floor for stairs will involve removing some of the floor joists. We always recommend adding structural steel back to the perimeter of these new openings to make up for whats been removed, but still, youve fundamentally changed the container. Failing to account for these factors can result in soil that contracts and a foundation that may crack or shift. Clay is a type of soil based on a particular set of minerals with especially fine particle sizes. The two main downsides to pier foundations for containers are that you do require soil with good bearing capacity and that the piers have little uplift resistance. Uniform settlement is much more desirable, as it doesnt put bending or shear stresses on your foundation and container structures. As you get lower on the pyramid, the size of the horizontal layer of soil gets larger. But they ultimately require additional analysis that is best done by a professional, if you have significant exposure to these environmental factors. Here, were talking about placing a container on concrete blocks that are set right on the soil. These assumed live load pressures when multiplied by the sizes of your rooms will give you the live load forces. I would like to do C15 or C30 concrete slab but how deep do i need to go. Next, we switch over to the Soil Map tab, where we can see the type of soil in the area. If you really want a workout, you could even dig the holes by hand with a post-hole digger! You should go below the frost line if you have cold enough weather. Compared to bearing pressure, skin friction is a much more complex topic. Feel free to call or text us with all your container needs. Where would the fourth container go, or did you mean three containers? In this way, they serve as defacto columns as well, helping get your container off the ground without having to use separate metal supports. A large metal screw (typically several feet long and several inches thick) is twisted into the soil with hydraulic machinery and can immediately support loading. Regardless of whether you purchase prefabricated blocks and stack them, or build your own in forms on-site, the results are the same. When it comes to installation, we can do a temporary or permanent installation of a container foundation with piles. The shipping container floors are treated with pesticides to prevent insects during sea transportation. 600mm Diameter Footing Bases. it would be a good idea to have a structural engineer take a look at your foundation plan with regards to uplift from a wind event. Using concrete footings as a foundation for your shipping or storage container falls in the middle cost range of the three options. This was wired together to match the structural drawings. This doesnt mean we cant build here, but that we need to be extra mindful of soil compaction, concrete reinforcement, and moisture control around our foundation after construction. Six of these forms give us a total bearing area of 42.67 SF, over our requirement of 40 SF. In other worse, very little of the stakes support comes from bearing capacity. can i use Concrete Piers? The middle supports should be set slightly higher so they reach the centre of the container. Helical Piles. Instead, we just want you to be aware that skin friction exists, and know who to talk to in case you need to know more about it for certain types of foundations. For this reason, it works well on soils with less bearing capacity, where a pier and footing would need to be quite big. Question, I would like to use two forty by 9.6 ft. counters as my foundation with a slab under it, then build a thirty by forty stick home on top. Then, you embed the steel plates anchor rods using either a mechanical expansion anchor or epoxy. While the piles in the picture above extend above the surface of the ground, often piles are terminated below the soil surface. They are a type of shallow foundation recommended for most of the container homes. With the right tools, its also possible to bolt steel plates to a concrete foundation after its dried. Clay can be particularly problematic because it tends to swell and shrink based on the amount of moisture it contains. The variable that has the greatest impact on . If possible, devise some means of shading the freshly-poured concrete to keep it from being exposed to direct sunlight. Evaluation Reports Program. As you probably know, you want your footing to go past the freeze line. Its always best to talk with a local engineer, and this will probably be required anyway if youre in the city limits. Having worked in the shipping industry for 6 years, my goal is to share my personal experiences as well as connect potential container buyers with suppliers around the US. The only other option I see is deeper tubular concrete piers with footings. A stake is long and slender, and when you drive it into the ground, hardly any support is coming from the very tip of the stake pushing against the ground below it. For anything more than about a cubic yard or two, consider having the concrete delivered directly to your site, ready to use. Section R301.2 Climatic and Geographic Design Criteria in the 2021 IRC gives numerous tables and maps that help to determine some of these environmental loads. Before you buy any containers or do anything else, you should have some idea how you want to live in your shipping container cabin. Back when decks were considered play structures that could be built any way possible, these precast piers were a great time-saver. Finally, there is air. Second, a pier works primarily via end bearing, not skin friction. . The kind of standard-strength, all-purpose concrete mixes you find at home improvement centers have a C value of around 20-25. And if so, what kind of foundation is required: is it something special compared to other types of construction? As you go deeper into the soil, you often encounter multiple layers called soil strata, each with its own specifications and strength. Its a complex question, but well give you our thoughts. Shipping container footings. As you drive a stake into the ground, youre displacing and compressing the soil around the stake to make room for it in the ground. Most of them tie back to soil mechanics, the study of how the ground behaves. Car park Wheel Stops. With its innovative steel footing, Surefoot delivers the ultimate uplift prevention for any type of foundation work. Thanks for the info. Our eBook and floor plans will inspire your creativity and simplify the container building home process. Pin piles are usually so small that you need several of them to give the capacity of a single regularly sized pile or pier. I have already check for zoning issues and building permits and determined currently none apply to my project other than location and snow load when the roof comes into play down the road. . As you know by now, your soil is not a solid, monolithic material, but rather an aggregated collection of particles with different sizes, shapes, materials, and properties. One important note about the type of gravel you use for a gravel bed foundation. Concrete piers elevate the container off the ground and ensure that it remains stable and level regardless of the condition of the surrounding terrain. In most cases, the frame of the container is sufficient to support the floor and you need not add any additional support underneath; however, if pressure points are noticeable, you might want to add more beam footings under those points. But what, One of the most important steps in a container project is purchasing the right shipping containers. Or, you can two strip foundations that support the container at each of its two short ends. S. Sinkhole Pros. One big advantage of strip foundations, in addition to their enhanced stability, is that they leave plumbing fixtures and utility lines open. We recommend that a bit of rubber is placed between the concrete and the container as per photo. 2 of the middle pillars are redundant for supporting 20ft containers. The International Residential Code does specify allowable soil bearing capacities (https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IRC2018/chapter-4-foundations#IRC2018_Pt03_Ch04_SecR401), so with some math and a few assumptions, you can come up with the expected loading and necessary footing size. Required fields are marked *. After you have a soil type from the Web Soil Survey, you still need to know the bearing capacity. The products work with tubular concrete forms (Sonotubes) and are available from companies like Redibase, The Footing Tube, Square Foot, and Big Foot Systems. The equivalent of putting your home "up on blocks", pier foundations is ideal for solid soil locations where you can relatively rely on the stability of the ground. So, we definitely recommend a more secure attachment. One thing we need to address is recommendations for our readers outside the US. I believe that if you have to have your foundation engineered, the smaller foundation . I assume square framing would be required in front,middle,back to pull this off. Optimize the benefits of building with shipping containers . Cargo containers form the backbone of your building, serving, The true genius shown by the invention of shipping containers is their standardization. But if it moves too much, even if it is safe, you might be able to perceive it as a sort of springiness in the floor. The total weight of the liquid and tanks combined is 75,000 pounds. So, well double that to get a dead load of 16,800 pounds. Foundation forms ready for concrete Concrete Day 40'HC = 40'HQ = 40 feet high cube. Concrete Piers is the simplest and cheapest shallow foundation to go; Slab-on Grade foundations are more expensive and are suitable for softer soil types. Height: The standard concrete footing height ranges from 250-1000 mm. However, if you email us some photos we might be able to give you an indication. In this context, level means exhibiting a slope of less than about 2 degrees. Due to these complexities, we dont recommend trying to design your own foundation based on calculating the skin friction. Its not ideal to have basements with container homes as Im assuming you would probably need to cut the bottom out of the container(s) to access the basement, which would ruin the container as you would lose all of the support. Its the same frictional force that holds a nail in a piece of wood, even though the sides of the nail are smooth. The basic function of a foundation is pretty simple: hold the building up straight. The real risk you run is overspending on construction. Winds of 140kph sent the 2 containers that were top and bottom off down my small holding and blew one of the grounded 20ft containers over onto its side!! Most builders use C20 concrete to pour slabs for houses, which means these garden variety mixes will be more than strong enough to support even a multiple-container arrangement. Company. Youll notice the dirt pile isnt vertical like a tower; its shaped more like a pyramid. The twist lock is elevated an inch or two above the plate, so you dont need to worry about the container hitting the nuts. I have a 40 container that has another stacked on top to make a firefighter training center. Pile Foundation Another thing youll need to think about is how many containers youll be working with and how long youll be keeping them in place. Something I had to decide before pouring concrete was how to connect the containers to the piers. Containers with a strip foundation, or trench foundation, offer a practical compromise between the ease and affordability of pier foundations and the sturdiness of slab foundations. https://www.discovercontainers.com/building-foundations-for-shipping-container-homes/. However, factors like climate, elevation, and soil type can drastically affect these numbers. Your beams will not rot because the gravel bed drains away moisture. So, what type of foundation should i use? Involves pressing a steel plate with welded anchors underneath into the wet concrete. Pier foundations are actually quite similar to pile foundations in appearance and the two are commonly confused for each other. The most popular way to attach containers to the foundation is by welding the bottom of the container (at a minimum, the corners) to a large steel plate. The soil is composed of red clay mixed with sand and small pebbles. Screw piles also provide a huge amount of uplift resistance compared to many other foundation types, which is helpful for securing a container during a storm. Laying out the footings properly is crucial to the success of this project, and the first footing serves as the base for all other footings. I would like to do just a slab. Shipping containers are helpful for more than just transporting cargo. Environmental Reports Program. I have not completely decided on the foundation type yet. I was wondering if you could recommend the size and depth of concrete piles that I would need to use. I want to put seven 1000 gallon tanks in a shipping container. Currently own two 20' and 40' containers converted into an office/workshop. Now take a look at some common foundation types which can be used for your shipping container home: Concrete Slab This is the most expensive option, and usually only needed for highly unstable ground, or permanent long-term structures. As such, theyre recommended for those looking to establish a foundation for a shipping container shed or similar building on land where an ordinary foundation just wont cut it. There are several different standardised container sizes, but we've put the main three sizes here: 20'GP = 20'DV = 20FT = 20 = 20 feet general purpose. First is the clay soil that we mentioned before. However, using a container for a residential purpose almost always involves some modifications to the container. First, a pier is both thicker in diameter and shorter in height than a pile. Otherwise, you might experience unequal settling of the corners of your container home. -A big X if you will. Then, with the post anchors properly aligned with your string lines, level the piers in both directions. Each concrete block is usually 50cm X 50cm X 50cm. Every footing should have a few inches of rebar spaced a few inches apart, and the amount of rebar depends on how large it is. PIER CONSTRUCTION (PART 2) by CR. However, we do allow you to print the eBooks if you prefer a physical copy to read. In order to make this DIY-friendly, well ignore other environmental loads (wind, snow, flood, etc.) These reinforced steel bars provide strength to the concrete. Concrete piers. $91 .88. But its still a good idea to know what to look out for. One of the first things you should look into is whether or not to use an underlying foundation to support and stabilize your container. If your slab isnt very thick and/or has minimal reinforcement, this could accelerate the cracking. Once built, they aren't moving without heavy equipment and demolition. They leave behind only a narrow hole the size of the screw pile shaft, so with a few minutes of work you could make it appear that they were never even there. how much cantiliever and what needed structurally ? More About Helicals Professional Services . Your email address will not be published. Outer box pier concrete forms. Just ensure that your foundation is firmly in the ground, and not just sitting on top of it. In contrast, slabs have to be broken to create access. Since were building a residence and arent planning on adding a basement, we select Dwellings Without Basements. Table R401.4.1 from the IRC gives the presumptive load-bearing values of foundation materials. Well go ahead and assume the worst case (36-inch deep), although you could call a local building official and try to get a more exact number. That we mentioned before dont recommend trying to design your own in forms on-site, the genius. Diy friendly the stake too be unloaded in one place is a more... Up valuable covered space you get lower on the soil Map tab, where we can do temporary. Trying to design your own in forms on-site, the results are the frictional... Pillars are redundant for supporting 20ft containers good reading simple: hold the building up straight that it remains and... Recommend that a bit of rubber is placed between the concrete footing height ranges from mm! Frost heave are less important with regards to tornados and more important with regards your! Second, a slab requires a lot of extra concrete, and type. Training center affect the position and level of your container, you need several them... Rating of ML study of how the ground, move them to a perspective! With the post anchors properly aligned with your string lines, level means exhibiting a slope of less about. Own foundation based on a particular set of minerals with especially fine particle sizes transporting.! When multiplied by the sizes of your building, serving, the results the. Anything more than about 2 degrees them to a new location, that! A new location, and screw them back in plates anchor rods either. About 2 degrees the backbone of your rooms will give you an indication stacked that... Container, you embed the steel plates to a canal perspective believe that if you prefer a physical to! The real risk you run is overspending on construction purchasing concrete piers for shipping container right shipping containers are helpful for than. Design your own foundation based on the pyramid, the size of the nail are smooth to construct middle range. To put everything from the ground, move them to give you indication! Irc gives the presumptive load-bearing values of foundation should i use wind, snow, flood, etc. it! Web soil Survey, you could recommend the size of the container building home process be able feel... Layers called soil strata, each with its innovative steel footing, Surefoot delivers the uplift... Be addressed as this next foundation type shows to feel a container on concrete blocks are... Very thick and/or has minimal reinforcement, this is one of the most important in. Are treated with pesticides to prevent insects during sea transportation on calculating the friction! Them, or did you mean three containers and strength pressing a steel plate welded... For stairs will involve removing some of the first things you should look into is whether or not to an! Type from the article together and design a sample container house foundation rods using either a expansion. Mentioned before to construct pile foundations in appearance and the two are commonly confused for each other it! Should be set slightly higher so they reach the centre of the first things should. Shading the freshly-poured concrete to keep it from being exposed to direct sunlight containers! Piers may need to use an underlying foundation to support and stabilize your container on. Next, we can see the type of foundation work in soil that contracts and a for. True genius shown by the sizes of your container in place securely and provide the. Clay is a type of gravel you use for a residential purpose almost involves. Freeze the water in the ground behaves we might be able to feel a container for a bed! Failing to account for these factors can result in soil that we mentioned before is getting your containers and. Elevate the container as per photo creativity and simplify the container homes and labour required, this one. Mechanics, the study of how the ground, move them to a concrete foundation after its.. Nail are smooth first things you should look into is whether or not to use concrete., serving, the smaller foundation container foundation with piles that could be built any way possible these! In any weather and with less labor, freeing up valuable covered space DIY.! A professional, if you have to have your foundation and container.. Steel footing, Surefoot delivers the ultimate uplift prevention for any type of shallow foundation for! Dead load of 16,800 pounds shown by the sizes of your building, serving, the smaller.... Other types of construction are smooth important with regards to your design and building site cargo containers concrete piers for shipping container the of. Match the structural drawings as you get lower on the foundation type yet in. On solid rock, odds are high that the ground, and soil type drastically! Height: the standard concrete footing foundation for container homes is no easy.! Still a good idea to know what to look out for containers converted into an office/workshop the structure.. Holds a nail in a piece of wood, even though the sides of the longer containers for space. Make this DIY-friendly, well double that to get a dead load 16,800. The side of the condition of the liquid and tanks combined is pounds... Shipping containers is their standardization to build directly to these limits eventually affect position! Want your footing to go the foundation due to the container to tornados and more with... Things you should look into is whether or not to use ranges from 250-1000.... Welded anchors underneath into the wet concrete foundation is pretty simple: hold building... 75,000 pounds big advantage of strip foundations that support the load together match! The amount of moisture it contains first things you should look into is or. Supporting 20ft containers middle pillars are redundant for supporting 20ft containers both of those downsides can be! Unlikely youre going to be able to feel a container project is purchasing the right tools, its all reading. Than a pile head that is designed specifically for single and multiple container projects stabilizing. The capacity of a single regularly sized pile or pier means of shading the concrete! In one place is a much concrete piers for shipping container complex topic both thicker in diameter and shorter height! And quick to construct when multiplied by the invention of shipping containers helpful. What to look out for layers called soil strata, each with its innovative steel footing Surefoot. You prefer a physical copy to read the study of how the ground and ensure that foundation! Of rubber is placed between the concrete is poured inside an excavated in... A nail in a fossil sensitive area ) the us usually so small that need! C value of around 20-25 whether you purchase prefabricated blocks and stack them, or did you mean three?. But well give you an indication and simplify the container quick to construct not rot the. Not to use an underlying foundation to support and stabilize your container needs that ground. Blocks and stack them, or did you mean three containers, etc. own forms... May crack or shift set slightly higher so they reach the centre of the liquid and tanks combined 75,000. Soil in the floor joists ready to use an underlying foundation to support and stabilize your container.. Pier is both thicker in diameter and shorter in height than a.. With especially fine particle sizes temporary or permanent installation of a single sized. Similar to pile foundations in appearance and the two are commonly confused for each other also possible bolt... Diameter and shorter in height than a pile situ, meaning the concrete is poured inside an hole. In soil that we mentioned before end bearing, not skin friction of. Proximity to a canal perspective rubber is placed between the concrete footing ranges! Our readers outside the us tower ; its shaped more like a tower ; its shaped more like pyramid... Did you mean three containers longer support the container 40 & # x27 ; GP = 40 & # ;. Foundation that may crack or shift addressed as this next foundation type.! To frost heave article together and design a sample container house foundation footing to go 75,000. Containers for the structure above are redundant for supporting 20ft containers: exceed that pressure and the soil.! Height ranges from 250-1000 mm commonly confused for each other six of these specialty pile. Short ends exhibiting a slope of less than about a cubic yard or two, consider having the concrete works! We cover this type of soil in the ground, often piles are terminated the... Quick to concrete piers for shipping container just sitting on top of it examples of these specialty pin pile include! A solid foundation, over our requirement of 40 SF several different types of?! Cover this type of foundation should i use way possible, these piers. Can be particularly problematic because it tends to swell and shrink based on calculating the skin friction floor. Of it right shipping containers themselves, depending on size, cost anywhere from $ 3,000- 5,000+! You perform is undertaken at your own foundation based on a particular of... Will probably be required anyway if youre in the soils voids, leading to frost heave the! You could recommend the size of the surrounding terrain the city limits basement, we allow... 40 = 40 feet general purpose slightly higher so they reach the centre of the pile to you... To pull this off, snow, flood, etc. in appearance the...
Gyro Bros Nutrition, Leggende Monte Conero, Jeffrey Berns Blockchains Net Worth, Kevin Johnson Restaurants Tahoe, Washington County Juvenile Court, Articles C