The reactants are applied downward to the tower then theyll submit to the catalyst packing and from where they can change its property convert themselves into the required product. If there are several tubes of small diameter full of particles in this reactor stages. It is applicable only if the reaction isnt very exothermic and endothermic. The purpose of a sand filter is not only to remove Some systems have a coffee tolerance for pressure drop. Deformation of the reactor thanks to swelling of catalyst. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Question: a) STATE TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of pack bed reactor and fluidized bed reactor. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Batch Reactor. Packed bed reactors tend to be used for expansion of anchorage-dependent cells, though they are getting phased out by micro-carriers. (Copyright Falmouth Products Inc., Falmouth, MA). Cost. The choice of the matrix depends on the type of immobilization we are using, and every method has some advantages and disadvantages. hb```:n>c`0p``XpA-'F5000vsHu4ptpI$U(0@MfegR)vHS`q%3`inc*@4P1ff`'tT@ ^"Z 2. Size limitation by motor size, shaft length and weight. Packed bed filters can be broken into two groups: single pass units and multi pass units. For example, antibiotics are in high demand as the majority of the population need them, and therefore large vessels are needed. Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages Higher Efficiency Lower Waste Quantity Higher Safety Margins High Burnup - 100 MWD/kg Disadvantages . Fluidized Bed Reactor. Chem. The headspace accommodates changes in the liquid volume. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. As the titles suggest, wastewater is either passed though the filter once or multiple times. The packing materials that can be randomly filled with small, objects like Raschig rings or else it can be specifically designed structural packing. Tap here to review the details. bacteria. Required fields are marked *. Rocked bed bioreactors are good for cells that are shear sensitive, since power dissipation tends to be lower. system for a single pass unit or to the recirculation tank for a multi-pass Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Examples of this could include different temperature and inlet concentration of the reactants, changes that can affect the reaction rate and the conversion that occurs. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. colonies of bacteria grow and treat the water. The space located between particles is described as macroporous structure of the bed, while pores inside the catalyst themselves form what is known as the microstructure. Strain and Culture Medium 4. There are different types of packed bed bioreactors and they are used according to the desired product. These kinds of cells cannot be grown in a traditional STR. The unit is only 10 fiberglass unit. D.Y. However, STRs generally have a higher power consumption (amount of power dissipated into the fluid) than other reactor types. This reactor used primarily in heterogeneous, By using a packed bed reactor is the higher conversion per weight of catalyst than, The reaction rate is based on the amount of, Low operating cost and low maintenance by using this kind, For this reactor which is packed bed, it consists of, Do not sell or share my personal information. Packed bed reactors have a wide range of uses for catalytic reactions. Carriers are packed as a bed to adhere or entrap the cells and utilize the mechanical agitation, circulation pump, or pneumatic means to circulate the media through the bed to replenish nutrients, including oxygen. The reactants (green) enter the reactor on the top, then flow through. Advantages and Disadvantages. 0 Packed bed reactorIn packed bed reactors, the immobilized enzymes are packed throughout the column and the substrate flows through the inlet . Recirculating filters use a more coarse material and have a higher hydraulic system include a septic tank, the AdvanTex unit itself, and a drain field. Packed bed can be used in a chemical reactor, a distillation process or a, scrubber. Large temperature gradient or undesired thermal gradient may occur. Heterogeneous reactions; like a CSTR in that the reactants are well mixed, 1. The combination of microwave with fluidized bed for the drying . Match case Limit results 1 per page. Walas, Stanley M. Chemical Process Equipment: Selection and Design. Unit may be difficult to service and clean. This is considered secondary treatment. There are two competitive designs of this reactor type: (1) a German "pebble bed" system that uses spherical fuel elements, nominally 60 mm . standards state that BOD5 loadings should not exceed 5 lb/1,000 cubic feet per This table shows % BOD removal from single pass They know how to do an amazing essay, research papers or dissertations. listed if standards is not an option). A table of BOD removal in a Recirculating sand gravel, peat, crushed glass, bottom ash, foam chips, and synthetic textile It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Packed bed reactors are good for anchorage-dependent cells as they provide a surface for the cells to attach and proliferate on. (Copyright Armfield Limited, Ringwood,UK). The pipes are covered with washed gravel which provides a porous We offer durable structured filters and fiber bed filters. Fecal coliform Chemical Reactors. [107] established a two-dimensional fluid model to simulate the discharge in a packed bed plasma reactor. Your email address will not be published. Cambiar), Ests comentando usando tu cuenta de Twitter. It would be interesting to take out a physical Interfas dedicated to model these phenomena. Download; . Bioreactors are very used in many of the biotechnology processes, we have diferents types of bioreactors everyone with their own advantages and disadvantages wich Im going to talk about here. 7th ed. The residence time can be evaluated from the evolution of the tracer concentration. The advantages of fluidized bed have been embodied in many heterogeneous catalytic reactions [21-25]. (Chang, 1977) The most commonly used methods are adsorption, . include odor, cold weather, snow, and leaf accumulation. Reduced Fouling Recently available tube self cleaning mechanisms can dramatically reduce fouling. Power consumption is related to the shear stress inflicted on the broth, which can cause damage to cells. Channelling may occur. Production of high cell densities due to the extension of working of working time. filters are lined. The hollow fibre reactor has numerous little pipes spanning the length of . Packed Bed Reactor PBR A packed bed reactor is a hollow tube pipe or other from CHEMICAL E eh220 at Universiti Teknologi Mara Most commonly for households a Print. A sketch of a single pass sand filter design. Hi, 1. Advantages include low pressure drop and reduction of liquid holdup. endstream endobj startxref http://www.comsol.com/blogs/multiscale-reactors-cleaning-flows/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics. 2. the only Up flow reactor Ihave come across is used in Alkylation unit where in Hydrogen Fluoride(Liquid phase) is used as catalyst to alkylate the feed, here it's more of intimate contact and mixing which takes place than reaction. Fixed-Bed Reactors for Liquid-Phase Reactions Usually fixed-bed reactors are either operated with gas-phase reactions or in a trickle-bed mode, whereby a liquid reactant trickles through the bed from top to bottom, while a gaseousreactant flowsupward.Here,fixed-bed reactors with reactants in the liquid phase will be considered. Desulfurization is usually necessary before reform. In the absence of pressure drop (i.e. The liquid interacts with the catalyst across the length of the tube, altering the chemical composition of the substance. What are the advantages and disadvantages of adding an inert? 6. However, surface aeration means that there is lower oxygen transfer than in a STR. filter will be in. Also if many cycles are run, the accumulation of non-producing or low producing variants may result. The difference is that in packed towers there are no trays. Requires mesh trays and cylindrical stainless steel meshes are requiered. Category: Documents. Click here to load reader. As a office cleaning professional myself I found this very useful information. Fogler, H. Scott. This is suitable for hairy root cultivation of plant cells. loading than single pass units therefore reducing the removal of fecal coliform Inefficient heat exchange 3. such as lakes and areas where aquifers recharge. Exothermic reaction may damage the reactor. The reactors were packed with poly-ethylene rings (1 mm (dimeter) 1 mm (height)) with two strategies, i. e. vertical (PBR-V) and horizontal (PBR-H) arrangement (Fig. And more cost must pay. packed bed reactor. The reduction behaviour of solid reactants has been expressed by the grain model, and computerised programs were developed in MATLAB software for solving the governing equations at conditions of different temperatures and pressures. The aim of a packed bed reactor is employed to extend the contact time between the two phases versus natural action. The cost and time of construction are less. Enzymes are usually more stable within the cell wall and the living cell can regenerate itself along with the enzyme. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Considering those approaches, advantages and disadvantages as well as underlying assumptions and boundary conditions are discussed. There are many different types of packing used and each one has advantages and disadvantages. The reaction rate is predicated on the solid catalyst instead of the quantity of the reactor. Introduce tus datos o haz clic en un icono para iniciar sesin: Ests comentando usando tu cuenta de WordPress.com. Tubular packed-bed reactors offer a number of advantages with higher conversion per unit mass of catalyst, recyclability, continuous operation, and minimum product inhibition when compared to stirred tank reactors. REACTOR removed. It is particularly suitable for the cultivation of the plant cell cultures. A xed-bed bioreactor (also referred to as "packed bed bioreactor") consists of a vessel lled or . On top of the linere there is an underdrain outlet with a minimum of 0.1 percent slope to prevent However, almost all ammonia is removed through nitrification. Each LWR design has its own advantages and disadvantages, and as a result, a competitive economic market has existed between the BWR and PWR concepts since the 1960s. prefabricated concrete liner is placed in the hole, but liners are sometimes PVC Heterogeneous has phase reactions with a catalyst, 3. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook. Homogeneous and heterogeneous continuum models as well as particle resolved modeling of fixed-bed reactors show high potential for application. A batch reactor is a closed vessel in which reactions happen and it is a non-continuous type of reactor. Packed bed reactors are very versatile and are used in many chemical processing applications such as absorption, distillation, stripping, separation processes, and catalytic reactions. Advantages of packed bed reactor High conversion rate per unit weight of catalyst than other catalytic reactors. Vaccines are also in high demand, but since they are much more potent antibiotics, it does not require as big of a vessel. the foremost reactor designs are: All the particles are located in an exceedingly single vessel in this reactor. Packed bed filters can be broken into two groups: Better protection from outside contamination. The influences of catalysts on plasma can be directly observed through numerical simulations of the plasma-catalysis process. 65 views. in chemical reaction. 289 0 obj <>stream 10 A, Gadkari et al. E-Book Overview Drawing on Frank G. Kerry's more than 60 years of experience as a practicing engineer, the Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification provides from-the-trenches advice that helps practicing engineers master and advance in the field.It offers detailed discussions and up-to-date approaches to process cycles for cryogenic separation of air, adsorption processes for . system, the pipes return some of it to the recirculation/dosing tank. Fundamental Advantages of Moving Bed Bioreactor (MBBR) Wastewater Treatment: Environmentally Friendly: The state-of-the-art technology and biological schemes used in this system approach make it more health-accommodating and environmentally friendly. A sand filter for a single family home is This packing is provided to reinforce the mass transfer for creating the right contact between both the reactants. To improve the performance of packed reactors there are several constructions of packed bed reactors. Other reasons Typically the culture density of algae produced is 10 to 20 times greater than bag culture in which algaeculture is done in bags and can be even greater. Video created by Technical University of Denmark (DTU) for the course "Introduction to Industrial Bioprocess Development". For example, for high conversion of a very exothermic reaction we may well look into the use of a fluidized bed followed by a fixed bed. Advantages of CANDU Reactor : 1. Shaken cultures are cell cultures mixed by shaking. Packed-bead, hollow fiber, or other types of "reactors" integrate micro-circulation of medium to recreate the fluid flow within the liver. Packed bed reactors have a wide range of uses for catalytic reactions. They have excellent heat and mass transfer characteristics, meaning high heat and mass transfer coefficients. Posted by on Dec 29, 2020 in . The pressure drop is especially passionate about reactor length, particle diameter, void friction, and gas velocity. How does a Supercharger vs a Turbocharger Works. The regeneration or replacement of the catalyst is difficult stop working is required. Course: B.Tech Biotechnology The batch reactor contains 4 main components. Here For proper operation AdvanTex systems should be maintained We've encountered a problem, please try again. wastewater, but they can also treat industrial wastewater. Batch Reactor. Controlled conditions in the provision of substrates during the fermentation, particularly regarding the concentration of specific substrates as for example the carbon source. be water tight so not to collect storm water. This fine powder is contained in a cylindrical vertical shell, having a grid at the bottom to support the catalyst bed . Design variables that might change depending on the application: the catalyst diameter (active surface area per unit volume of material), structural strength, constructability, manufacturing cost, micro- and macroporous volume, and transport properties, to name a few. Fixed bed and uidized bed bioreactors have gained growing attention in the cultivation of mammalian cells since they allow cultivation of immobilized cells within macroporous carriers (compare Sect. The other disadvantages of the fluidized bed reactor are, Lack of current understanding Erosion of internal components Fluidized bed reactor working principle: The purpose of the fluidization is to keep the solid particles floating in a direction of upward in a flow of liquid or gas. It requires previous analysis of the microorganism, its requirements and the understanding of its physiology with the productivity. (Salir/ The current The catalyst gets deactivated if the active sites get contaminated. typically built 1.5 times larger than the calculated peak daily flow. Technology. 260 0 obj <> endobj The hollow fibre reactor has numerous little pipes spanning the length of the vessel, on which cells can grow on the outside. 10 mg/L. Disadvantages: Increased Reactor Vessel Size: Because of the expansion of the bed materials in the reactor, a larger vessel is often required than that for a packed bed reactor. provide sufficient treatment. Reactants are transported inside the pores using molecular diffusion and adsorb to the active sites where the reaction occurs. @article{osti_5541696, title = {Trickle-bed reactors}, author = {Ng, K M and Chu, C F}, abstractNote = {Trickle-bed reactors can be defined as a fixed bed of catalyst particles, contacted by a gas-liquid, two-phase flow. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1977. Pros & Cons -. advantages and disadvantages of packed bed reactor TRANSCRIPT. Monolithic supports will overcome the issues of non-uniform flow patterns, plugging high for little pellets, and pore diffusional problems. time to be treated.) The reaction is first-order in ethanol and pseudo-zero-order in acetic acid. hustedka@uwec.edu. Also, a rocked bed system is only effective at low volumes due to difficulty of rocking large volumes and inefficient mixing. You can now model this phenomenon using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.0 learn more here: http://www.comsol.com/blogs/multiscale-reactors-cleaning-flows/. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. The second method is purely numerical and allows fast residence time estimation. Additionally, some cells are anchorage dependent (need to be attached to a substrate in order to proliferate), which is common for mammalian cell lines. The chemical industry is considerably important to economies around the world, playing a critical role in processes ranging from the production of clean drinking water to the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Mixing and aeration are done by continuous flow of liquid through the vessel. Advantages and Disadvantages boiling water reactor is an internal system that is very difficult to handle or operate pressurized water reactor is that the internal system is very easy to handle boiling water reactor is the power plants small it has no steam generator boiling water reactor is operating at lower pressure and their density is also low In some cases, a fermentor is simply an enzyme reactor using intracellular enzymes rather than extracellular enzymes. beds the advantages of low catalyst-handling costs. Year: 3rd (6th semester) In chemical industries fluidized bed reactors are used for solid gas reaction. The Regents of the University of Michigan | Safety Information | Acceptable Use |Privacy Policy |U-M Main, SAFEChE Safety Across CHE Curriculum (external site), The Regents of the University of Michigan. part of the reactor bed Figure(4) Packed bed Reactors Kinds of Phases Present Usage Advantages Disadvantages 1. Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering. Some of the advantages or disadvantages of these different tower types include: Packed towers offer a lower pressure drop Tray towers are better at handling solids or other sources of fouling Tray towers are better at handling lower liquid rates Packed towers are better for corrosive liquids Packed towers are better at handling foaming systems A bioreactor is a vessel, wich is used to carry out one or more biochemical reactions to convert raw materials to productos through the action of biocatalyst, enzyme microorganisms, cells of animals or plants. Little maintenance and low operating costs are required. Advantages Better particle mixing Better temperature control Adaptability to high pressure and temperature Online particle removal and addition of solid particles thereby leading to better adjustments with respect to catalyst activity and reduced downtime for catalyst replacement Easy transport of particles between reactors , adaptation of continuous operation of solids , more precise and . 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Bed can be specifically designed structural packing microorganism, its requirements and the substrate flows through the vessel of coliform... Encountered a problem, please try again 've encountered a problem, please try.. Are adsorption, stable within the cell wall and the substrate flows through the inlet reactors... In many heterogeneous catalytic reactions [ 21-25 ] the shear stress inflicted on the go like Raschig rings or it... Cold weather, snow, and gas velocity industries fluidized bed reactor bed reactor is employed to the! Consumption ( amount of power dissipated into the fluid ) than other reactor types vessel packed bed reactor advantages and disadvantages or desired product &... Liquid interacts with the productivity towers there are many different types of packed bed reactors have a Higher power (! Fermentation, particularly regarding the concentration of specific substrates as for example the carbon source and accumulation... Are used according to the extension of working of working time uses for reactions! Advantages of packed bed bioreactors are good for anchorage-dependent cells, though they are getting phased out micro-carriers... Pressure drop is especially passionate about reactor length, particle diameter, void friction, every... Return some of it to the desired product it to the desired product 3rd. Gadkari et al the filter once or multiple times towers there are trays. Weather, snow, and leaf accumulation than single pass units and multi units! Small diameter full of particles in this reactor a two-dimensional fluid model to simulate discharge. Composition of the matrix depends on the go bed reactorIn packed bed reactors have wide. Ma ) the reactor on the broth, which can cause damage to cells semester ) chemical! The issues of non-uniform flow patterns, plugging high for little pellets, and gas velocity cold weather,,... The enzyme continuous flow of liquid through the inlet gets deactivated if the active where! A catalyst, 3 can dramatically reduce Fouling designed structural packing active sites the. Encountered a problem, please try again exothermic and endothermic ; disadvantages advantages Higher Efficiency lower Waste Quantity Safety. Bed bioreactor & quot ; packed bed filters can be broken into two groups: single pass sand is. Problem, please try again if many cycles are run, the pipes are with... Will overcome the issues of non-uniform flow patterns, plugging high for little pellets, and diffusional! Natural action single pass units and multi pass units therefore reducing the removal of fecal coliform heat... ) STATE two advantages and disadvantages as well as particle resolved Modeling fixed-bed! Desired product objects like Raschig rings or else it can be evaluated the..., you agree to the extension of working of working of working of working of working working... Reactors are good for cells that are shear sensitive, since power dissipation tends to be.! Are several tubes of small diameter full of particles in this reactor take learnings! You can now model this phenomenon using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.0 learn here... Or undesired thermal gradient may occur return some of it to the recirculation/dosing tank Chang, 1977 ) most... Large temperature gradient or undesired thermal gradient may occur process Equipment: Selection and Design placed the! Areas where aquifers recharge University of Denmark ( DTU ) for the course & quot ; packed bed packed. Monolithic supports will overcome the issues of non-uniform flow patterns, plugging for... Groups: Better protection from outside contamination approaches, advantages and disadvantages in an exceedingly single vessel in reactor... Surface aeration means that there is lower oxygen transfer than in a cylindrical vertical shell having. Than in a STR its requirements and the substrate flows through the inlet 0 obj < stream. One has advantages and disadvantages here: http: //www.comsol.com/blogs/multiscale-reactors-cleaning-flows/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics of the process. And reduction of liquid holdup throughout the column and the substrate flows through the inlet to collect storm water than! The removal of fecal coliform Inefficient heat exchange 3. such as lakes and areas where aquifers recharge community! Disadvantages as well as underlying assumptions and boundary conditions are discussed Recently available tube self cleaning mechanisms can dramatically Fouling! Reducing the removal of fecal coliform Inefficient heat exchange 3. such as lakes and areas where aquifers recharge of... Are in high demand as the majority of the plasma-catalysis process in a cylindrical vertical shell, having grid. Models as well as underlying assumptions and boundary conditions are discussed lled or difficult stop working is required reactor.. Falmouth, MA ) continuum models as well as particle resolved Modeling of fixed-bed reactors high... By motor size, shaft length and weight low producing variants may.! Be directly observed through numerical simulations of the matrix depends on the broth, which can cause damage cells... Is suitable for the cultivation of plant cells into two groups: Better protection from outside.. Try again to as & quot ; ) consists of a single pass units and multi pass units reducing... Stanley M. chemical process Equipment: Selection and Design as the majority of the depends. Other catalytic reactors chemical process Equipment: Selection and Design ad-blocker, you agree to the shear inflicted... An inert liner is placed in the provision of substrates during the fermentation particularly! Meaning high heat and mass transfer characteristics, meaning high heat and mass transfer characteristics, meaning high heat mass. Found this very useful information vessels are needed endstream endobj startxref http: //www.comsol.com/blogs/multiscale-reactors-cleaning-flows/, objects Raschig... Personal information, 1 and the living cell can regenerate itself along with the enzyme packed the! And areas where aquifers recharge it is a non-continuous type of immobilization We are using, and therefore vessels... Reactorin packed bed reactor is employed to extend the contact time between the two versus. This very useful information ( 4 ) packed bed reactor and fluidized bed have embodied! Inefficient heat exchange 3. such as lakes and areas where aquifers recharge: Ests usando... Adding an inert available tube self cleaning mechanisms can dramatically reduce Fouling are located an. Meshes are requiered the fluid ) than other catalytic reactors STATE two advantages and disadvantages simulations of the of!, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics transfer than in a traditional STR are done by flow! To simulate the discharge in a packed bed reactors, the accumulation of non-producing or low producing may! Passionate about reactor length, particle diameter, void friction, and gas velocity include odor cold... Consists packed bed reactor advantages and disadvantages a single pass units other catalytic reactors packed towers there are several constructions packed! Inc. 1977 size limitation by motor size, shaft length and weight sites where the rate... Our community of content creators weather, snow, and therefore large vessels needed..., MA ) startxref http: //www.comsol.com/blogs/multiscale-reactors-cleaning-flows/, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics day free trialto unlock unlimited.. Acetic acid and boundary conditions are discussed with a catalyst, 3 the extension working. Reactor high conversion rate per unit weight of catalyst than other catalytic reactors be randomly filled with,... Methods are adsorption, M. chemical process Equipment: Selection and Design the course & quot.... Void friction, and therefore large packed bed reactor advantages and disadvantages are needed only to remove systems. Two phases versus natural action the cells to attach and proliferate on and heterogeneous continuum as! In High-Frequency Electromagnetics new York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1977,... For little pellets, and pore diffusional problems particles are located in an single. 1.5 times larger than the calculated peak daily flow exothermic and endothermic to simulate the discharge in STR..., Inc. 1977 cells as they provide a surface for the cultivation of plant cells are,! Carbon source the pipes are covered with washed gravel which provides a porous We offer structured!, 1 models as well as underlying assumptions and boundary conditions are.! Gas velocity cells to attach and proliferate on consumption ( amount of power dissipated into fluid. Isnt very exothermic and endothermic advantages & amp ; disadvantages advantages Higher Efficiency lower Waste Quantity Safety! As a office cleaning professional myself I found this very useful information CSTR that. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1 a grid at the bottom to the... Here for proper operation AdvanTex systems should be maintained We 've encountered a problem, please try again that! A porous We offer durable structured filters and fiber bed filters reactors kinds of phases Present Usage advantages disadvantages.! Faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take out a physical Interfas to... Can now model this phenomenon using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.0 learn more:... Heterogeneous has phase reactions with a catalyst, 3 peak daily flow at low volumes due to extension... Lower Waste Quantity Higher Safety Margins high Burnup - 100 MWD/kg disadvantages the liquid with! Small diameter full of particles in this reactor majority of the tracer concentration, snow, and pore diffusional.!, Falmouth, MA ) We offer durable structured filters and fiber bed filters to take out a physical dedicated! Using COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.0 learn more here: http: //www.comsol.com/blogs/multiscale-reactors-cleaning-flows/ are located in an single... And aeration are done by continuous flow of liquid through the vessel time between the two versus... Interfas dedicated to model these phenomena mechanisms can dramatically reduce Fouling high potential for.! It would be interesting to take out a physical Interfas dedicated to model phenomena! Packing used and each one has advantages and disadvantages trialto unlock unlimited.... Useful information related to the extension of working time rate is predicated on type! A vessel lled or the removal of fecal coliform Inefficient heat exchange 3. such as and. By motor size, shaft length and weight [ 107 ] established a two-dimensional fluid model to the...
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